‘...addressing the reduction of health inequities through cross-sector collaboration with other agencies and in partnership with consumers, whānau and communities.’
– The code of expectations for health entities’ engagement with consumers and whānau
Video resources
Te Whatu Ora Taranaki consumer council members outline the importance of consumer engagement
Watch Paula King and Jane Parker-Bishop talk about their work as co-chairs of the consumer council to Te Whatu Ora Taranaki. They discuss how they reach the wider community and outline the purpose and aspirations of the group.
Consumer voice: What does equity mean to you and your community
Members of the consumer health forum Aotearoa describe what equity means to them in their own words.
Find out more about equity and partnering with communities
Health inequities are defined by the World Health Organization as: differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups, arising from the social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. Health inequities are unfair and could be reduced by the right mix of government policies.
More information: www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/health-inequities-and-their-causes
The code of expectations for health entities’ engagement with consumers and whānau is underpinned by the articles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, and the principles derived by the Waitangi Tribunal in the Wai 2575 claim.
It is recognised that Māori experience health inequities arising from the long-standing effects of colonisation and systemic racism in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Other groups in the New Zealand population, including Pacific peoples, tāngata whaikaha (disabled people), rural communities, those on low incomes, and rainbow and ethnic communities also experience health inequities.
There is an imperative to reduce health inequities by engaging with those with greater health needs, particularly Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled people. This is best achieved through involving consumers, whānau and communities.
Effective engagement is critical to bring about better health outcomes for Māori and honour Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Te Arawhiti, the Office for Māori Crown Relations, provides tools and resources to help public sector agencies engage with Māori, including an engagement framework and engagement guidelines. See: www.tearawhiti.govt.nz/te-kahui-hikina-maori-crown-relations/engagement/.
Approaches to Māori engagement should reflect the inclusion and consideration of Māori perspectives and cultural values and be culturally safe, authentic and inclusive.
Te Tāhū Hauora Health Quality & Safety Commission developed a Te Ao Māori framework and implementation guide in partnership with Māori health providers, Whānau Ora providers and participating District Health Boards (now Te Whatu Ora districts) across Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of the framework is to help services improve the quality of care given to whānau Māori across Aotearoa New Zealand and advance the uptake and implementation of te ao Māori and mātauranga Māori concepts into general health system design and health practice for all. See: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/te-ao-maori-framework/.
Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022 is a key document for the health sector and is the source for the following content.
Te Pae Tata recognises that health equity matters for everyone regardless of who they are and where they live. It notes that, despite efforts to address inequities, our system continues to underserve Māori, Pacific peoples, tāngata whaikaha (disabled people), rural communities, those on low incomes, and rainbow and ethnic communities.
Taking a population health approach will shift the health system to the prevention of illness and to improving the health and wellbeing of local communities.
Working collaboratively with communities and across departmental agencies and Crown entities in the health sector provides opportunities for improvements in our health service delivery system.
An equity approach includes ensuring inclusive leadership, embedding equity in digital innovations and service redesign, and the removal of barriers to equity by growing te ao Māori and Pacific service delivery models and ensuring accessibility for tāngata whaikaha.
For more information see Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022.
Questions for government agencies, organisations and services to ask include the following:
- How do our models of care acknowledge the importance of family, in terms of other family members who require health care as well as family members being carers and supporters?
- How do our models of care respond to people with multimorbidity and reduce fragmentation, duplication and the stresses of accessing health care?
- How do our services address the social and economic challenges of our patients and families? How do we facilitate pathways into social and housing services and income support?
Adapted from: Health Quality & Safety Commission. 2021. Bula Sautu – A window on quality 2021: Pacific health in the year of COVID-19 | Bula Sautu – He mata kounga 2021: Hauora Pasifika i te tau COVID-19. P 96. URL: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/bula-sautu-a-window-on-quality-2021-pacific-health-in-the-year-of-covid-19-bula-sautu-he-mata-kounga-2021-hauora-pasifika-i-te-tau-covid-19/.
Having meaningful engagement involves recognising and respecting people’s diversity, cultural practices and protocols.
‘Pacific peoples’ is a collective term used to describe the diverse cultures of people from Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian countries. Understanding their ways, different values, needs and aspirations and considering these as part of the consumer engagement process will result in a more meaningful, effective, efficient, inclusive and relevant engagement process.
Effective engagement with Pacific people involves first creating strong and sustainable relationships with these communities so that when you plan to engage with them, these relationships are already established. It is important to remember the many differences among Pacific groups and recognise that Pacific peoples are self-determining leaders in their communities and hold knowledge about their wellbeing and culture. Genuine engagement is realised, and policy development optimised, when Pacific members are part of the project team and the values, needs and aspirations of Pacific communities are considered throughout the engagement process.
The Ministry for Pacific Peoples provides tools and resources to assist engagement with Pacific peoples including Yavu – Foundations of Pacific Engagement, a framework on how to achieve engagement with Pacific peoples that is culturally responsive and sustainable. Yavu outlines steps for effective engagement through building, nurturing, and maintaining relationships.
Reducing health inequities and improving healthcare access for Pacific peoples requires supporting leadership within Pacific communities to achieve this and recognising Pacific culture, values and beliefs.
The New Zealand Disability Strategy adopts the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities’ ‘social model’ of disability. The social model sees ‘disability’ as the result of the interaction between people living with impairments and an environment filled with physical, social, attitudinal, communication and social barriers.
Impairment is an expected part of diversity and physical, attitudinal, communication and social barriers need to be addressed to enable people living with impairments to participate fully in society.
The social model of disability contrasts with the ‘medical model’. The medical model holds that disability lies with the individual and that the disabled person needs to adapt or to be cured to fit the environment and society.
According to the Office for Disability Issues Te Tari Mō Ngā Take Hauātanga, the experience of disability occurs when:
- people with impairments are excluded from places and activities most of us take for granted
- infrastructure and systems (the built environment) do not accommodate the diverse abilities and needs of all citizens
- people’s attitudes prevent people with impairments from being able to participate in society on an equal basis with non-disabled people.
See: www.odi.govt.nz/disability-toolkit/things-you-should-know-definitions-concepts-and-approaches/.
The resources section also highlights other specific webpages on the Office for Disability Issues website.
It is recognised that rural communities’ health needs are often under-served, particularly in relation to being able to access health services. Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022 reports that poorer access to health services relates to barriers around costs, socioeconomic deprivation, distance, transport and telecommunications limitations and the design of services. Access to hospital-level care is particularly affected by distance, travel times and associated costs.
Nearly one in four New Zealanders live in rural parts of Aotearoa New Zealand. Māori are more likely to live in rural areas and have higher health needs, along with tāngata whaikaha (disabled people) who live rurally.
A rural health strategy to address rural inequity in access to health care is due for release in July 2023.
‘Partnering invariably cuts through established, more traditional, single entity, ways of working and requires people from different entities, sectors and communities to cross their organisational boundaries and engage differently.’
Partnership Brokers Association. 2019. Brokering Better Partnerships Handbook. P 5. URL: https://partnershipbrokers.org/w/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Brokering-Better-Partnerships-Handbook.pdf.
Health organisations may have processes and training in place to support staff working in partnership across agencies and/or in collaboration with the community. The Brokering Better Partnerships Handbook cited above has been prepared by an international agency to support such partnerships and reduce inequities. The content includes general information to support engagement with other entities and manage partnerships. It highlights considerations to review or guide the formation of an organisation’s process and practice in this area.
Health inequities in Aotearoa New Zealand
Health inequities are defined by the World Health Organization as: differences in health status or in the distribution of health resources between different population groups, arising from the social conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. Health inequities are unfair and could be reduced by the right mix of government policies.
More information: www.who.int/news-room/facts-in-pictures/detail/health-inequities-and-their-causes
The code of expectations for health entities’ engagement with consumers and whānau is underpinned by the articles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, and the principles derived by the Waitangi Tribunal in the Wai 2575 claim.
It is recognised that Māori experience health inequities arising from the long-standing effects of colonisation and systemic racism in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Other groups in the New Zealand population, including Pacific peoples, tāngata whaikaha (disabled people), rural communities, those on low incomes, and rainbow and ethnic communities also experience health inequities.
There is an imperative to reduce health inequities by engaging with those with greater health needs, particularly Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled people. This is best achieved through involving consumers, whānau and communities.
Engaging with Māori
Effective engagement is critical to bring about better health outcomes for Māori and honour Te Tiriti o Waitangi. Te Arawhiti, the Office for Māori Crown Relations, provides tools and resources to help public sector agencies engage with Māori, including an engagement framework and engagement guidelines. See: www.tearawhiti.govt.nz/te-kahui-hikina-maori-crown-relations/engagement/.
Approaches to Māori engagement should reflect the inclusion and consideration of Māori perspectives and cultural values and be culturally safe, authentic and inclusive.
Te Tāhū Hauora Health Quality & Safety Commission developed a Te Ao Māori framework and implementation guide in partnership with Māori health providers, Whānau Ora providers and participating District Health Boards (now Te Whatu Ora districts) across Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of the framework is to help services improve the quality of care given to whānau Māori across Aotearoa New Zealand and advance the uptake and implementation of te ao Māori and mātauranga Māori concepts into general health system design and health practice for all. See: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/te-ao-maori-framework/.
Te Pae Tata – equity, partnership and collaboration
Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022 is a key document for the health sector and is the source for the following content.
Te Pae Tata recognises that health equity matters for everyone regardless of who they are and where they live. It notes that, despite efforts to address inequities, our system continues to underserve Māori, Pacific peoples, tāngata whaikaha (disabled people), rural communities, those on low incomes, and rainbow and ethnic communities.
Taking a population health approach will shift the health system to the prevention of illness and to improving the health and wellbeing of local communities.
Working collaboratively with communities and across departmental agencies and Crown entities in the health sector provides opportunities for improvements in our health service delivery system.
An equity approach includes ensuring inclusive leadership, embedding equity in digital innovations and service redesign, and the removal of barriers to equity by growing te ao Māori and Pacific service delivery models and ensuring accessibility for tāngata whaikaha.
For more information see Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022.
Useful questions to guide a more integrated approach to meeting the health needs of communities
Questions for government agencies, organisations and services to ask include the following:
- How do our models of care acknowledge the importance of family, in terms of other family members who require health care as well as family members being carers and supporters?
- How do our models of care respond to people with multimorbidity and reduce fragmentation, duplication and the stresses of accessing health care?
- How do our services address the social and economic challenges of our patients and families? How do we facilitate pathways into social and housing services and income support?
Adapted from: Health Quality & Safety Commission. 2021. Bula Sautu – A window on quality 2021: Pacific health in the year of COVID-19 | Bula Sautu – He mata kounga 2021: Hauora Pasifika i te tau COVID-19. P 96. URL: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/bula-sautu-a-window-on-quality-2021-pacific-health-in-the-year-of-covid-19-bula-sautu-he-mata-kounga-2021-hauora-pasifika-i-te-tau-covid-19/.
Engaging with Pacific peoples
Having meaningful engagement involves recognising and respecting people’s diversity, cultural practices and protocols.
‘Pacific peoples’ is a collective term used to describe the diverse cultures of people from Polynesian, Melanesian and Micronesian countries. Understanding their ways, different values, needs and aspirations and considering these as part of the consumer engagement process will result in a more meaningful, effective, efficient, inclusive and relevant engagement process.
Effective engagement with Pacific people involves first creating strong and sustainable relationships with these communities so that when you plan to engage with them, these relationships are already established. It is important to remember the many differences among Pacific groups and recognise that Pacific peoples are self-determining leaders in their communities and hold knowledge about their wellbeing and culture. Genuine engagement is realised, and policy development optimised, when Pacific members are part of the project team and the values, needs and aspirations of Pacific communities are considered throughout the engagement process.
The Ministry for Pacific Peoples provides tools and resources to assist engagement with Pacific peoples including Yavu – Foundations of Pacific Engagement, a framework on how to achieve engagement with Pacific peoples that is culturally responsive and sustainable. Yavu outlines steps for effective engagement through building, nurturing, and maintaining relationships.
Reducing health inequities and improving healthcare access for Pacific peoples requires supporting leadership within Pacific communities to achieve this and recognising Pacific culture, values and beliefs.
Disability – impairment is part of human diversity
The New Zealand Disability Strategy adopts the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities’ ‘social model’ of disability. The social model sees ‘disability’ as the result of the interaction between people living with impairments and an environment filled with physical, social, attitudinal, communication and social barriers.
Impairment is an expected part of diversity and physical, attitudinal, communication and social barriers need to be addressed to enable people living with impairments to participate fully in society.
The social model of disability contrasts with the ‘medical model’. The medical model holds that disability lies with the individual and that the disabled person needs to adapt or to be cured to fit the environment and society.
According to the Office for Disability Issues Te Tari Mō Ngā Take Hauātanga, the experience of disability occurs when:
- people with impairments are excluded from places and activities most of us take for granted
- infrastructure and systems (the built environment) do not accommodate the diverse abilities and needs of all citizens
- people’s attitudes prevent people with impairments from being able to participate in society on an equal basis with non-disabled people.
See: www.odi.govt.nz/disability-toolkit/things-you-should-know-definitions-concepts-and-approaches/.
The resources section also highlights other specific webpages on the Office for Disability Issues website.
Rural communities
It is recognised that rural communities’ health needs are often under-served, particularly in relation to being able to access health services. Te Pae Tata Interim New Zealand Health Plan 2022 reports that poorer access to health services relates to barriers around costs, socioeconomic deprivation, distance, transport and telecommunications limitations and the design of services. Access to hospital-level care is particularly affected by distance, travel times and associated costs.
Nearly one in four New Zealanders live in rural parts of Aotearoa New Zealand. Māori are more likely to live in rural areas and have higher health needs, along with tāngata whaikaha (disabled people) who live rurally.
A rural health strategy to address rural inequity in access to health care is due for release in July 2023.
Partnering with organisations and communities
‘Partnering invariably cuts through established, more traditional, single entity, ways of working and requires people from different entities, sectors and communities to cross their organisational boundaries and engage differently.’
Partnership Brokers Association. 2019. Brokering Better Partnerships Handbook. P 5. URL: https://partnershipbrokers.org/w/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Brokering-Better-Partnerships-Handbook.pdf.
Health organisations may have processes and training in place to support staff working in partnership across agencies and/or in collaboration with the community. The Brokering Better Partnerships Handbook cited above has been prepared by an international agency to support such partnerships and reduce inequities. The content includes general information to support engagement with other entities and manage partnerships. It highlights considerations to review or guide the formation of an organisation’s process and practice in this area.
Resources
There are four short ‘Co-design in health’ online modules available including:
- Engaging Māori consumers, whānau and communities in co-design
- Engaging Pacific consumers in co-design
Learn more: www.hqsc.govt.nz/consumer-hub/engaging-consumers-and-whanau/co-design/.
Key strategy documents for the Aotearoa New Zealand health and disability sector on the health of Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled people.
See: www.hqsc.govt.nz/consumer-hub/engaging-consumers-and-whanau/health-equity-links/.
Thorstensen-Woll C, Welling D, Crump H, et al. 2021. Understanding Integration: How to listen to and learn from people and communities. London: The King’s Fund. URL: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/understanding-integration-listen-people-communities.
This UK resource was developed as a practical and evidence-based guide to assist in learning from people and communities about their experiences of integrated care (such as primary and secondary care, and social services) and how well these services are working together to meet people’s needs
Modules include:
-
Understanding and addressing implicit bias
-
Te Tiriti o Waitangi, colonisation and racism
-
Experiences of bias
Complete the modules here: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/learning-and-education-modules-on-understanding-bias-in-health-care.
Provisional Health of Disabled People Strategy
This provisional strategy provides a framework to guide health entities to improve health outcomes for disabled people and their whānau. Disabled people experience poorer health than non-disabled people and acutely feel these inequities.
Minister of Health. 2023. Provisional Health of Disabled People Strategy. Wellington: Ministry of Health. URL: www.health.govt.nz/publication/provisional-health-disabled-people-strategy.
Disability Toolkit for Policy
This includes how to engage with the disability community and disability groups. See: www.odi.govt.nz/disability-toolkit/.
Lead Toolkit for employing disabled people
Includes a five-step plan on how to become an inclusive organisation. See: www.odi.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/making-it-easier-to-employ-disabled-people/.
Office for Disability Issues Te Tari Mō Ngā Take Hauātanga – disability data and evidence resources
This web page includes access to: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the New Zealand Disability Strategy and the most recent Māori and Pacific disability plans. See: www.odi.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/disability-data-and-evidence-resources/.
These brief online training modules are for the primary, secondary and non-governmental organisational workforce interested in gaining understanding and practical skills to work with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant and refugee patients from Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American or African backgrounds.
Online co-design learning modules
There are four short ‘Co-design in health’ online modules available including:
- Engaging Māori consumers, whānau and communities in co-design
- Engaging Pacific consumers in co-design
Learn more: www.hqsc.govt.nz/consumer-hub/engaging-consumers-and-whanau/co-design/.
Key strategy documents on the health of Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled people
Key strategy documents for the Aotearoa New Zealand health and disability sector on the health of Māori, Pacific peoples and disabled people.
See: www.hqsc.govt.nz/consumer-hub/engaging-consumers-and-whanau/health-equity-links/.
A window on the quality of Aotearoa New Zealand’s health care 2019 – a view on Māori health equity | He matapihi ki te kounga o ngā manaakitanga ā-hauora o Aotearoa 2019 – he tirohanga ki te ōritenga hauora o te Māori
How to listen to and learn from people and communities
Thorstensen-Woll C, Welling D, Crump H, et al. 2021. Understanding Integration: How to listen to and learn from people and communities. London: The King’s Fund. URL: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/understanding-integration-listen-people-communities.
This UK resource was developed as a practical and evidence-based guide to assist in learning from people and communities about their experiences of integrated care (such as primary and secondary care, and social services) and how well these services are working together to meet people’s needs
Online modules on understanding bias in health care
Modules include:
-
Understanding and addressing implicit bias
-
Te Tiriti o Waitangi, colonisation and racism
-
Experiences of bias
Complete the modules here: www.hqsc.govt.nz/resources/resource-library/learning-and-education-modules-on-understanding-bias-in-health-care.
Case study. The Fono ‘Happy Skin’ project: Skin and soft tissue infections in the Tuvaluan community
Case study. Tongan Health Society: Improving medicine access in primary care for Pacific peoples.
Case study. Improving access to diabetes care for Māori and Pacific people in the Western Bay of Plenty - Western Bay of Plenty PHO
See: www.hqsc.govt.nz/assets/Consumer-hub/Co-design/Case_Study_Western_Bay_of_Plenty_PHO_May_2021.pdf.
Disability resources
Provisional Health of Disabled People Strategy
This provisional strategy provides a framework to guide health entities to improve health outcomes for disabled people and their whānau. Disabled people experience poorer health than non-disabled people and acutely feel these inequities.
Minister of Health. 2023. Provisional Health of Disabled People Strategy. Wellington: Ministry of Health. URL: www.health.govt.nz/publication/provisional-health-disabled-people-strategy.
Disability Toolkit for Policy
This includes how to engage with the disability community and disability groups. See: www.odi.govt.nz/disability-toolkit/.
Lead Toolkit for employing disabled people
Includes a five-step plan on how to become an inclusive organisation. See: www.odi.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/making-it-easier-to-employ-disabled-people/.
Office for Disability Issues Te Tari Mō Ngā Take Hauātanga – disability data and evidence resources
This web page includes access to: The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the New Zealand Disability Strategy and the most recent Māori and Pacific disability plans. See: www.odi.govt.nz/guidance-and-resources/disability-data-and-evidence-resources/.
Online eCALD courses for the health workforce
These brief online training modules are for the primary, secondary and non-governmental organisational workforce interested in gaining understanding and practical skills to work with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) migrant and refugee patients from Asian, Middle Eastern, Latin American or African backgrounds.
Further reading
Toko King P, Cormack D, Edwards R, et al. 2022. Co-design for indigenous and other children and young people from priority social groups: a systematic review. SSM – Population Health 18: 101077. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101077.
Waitangi Tribunal. 2019. Hauora: Report on Stage One of the Health Services and Outcomes Kaupapa Inquiry (Wai 2575). URL: https://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/inquiries/kaupapa-inquiries/health-services-and-outcomes-inquiry.
Rolleston AK, Korohina E, McDonald M. 2022. Navigating the space between co-design and mahitahi: Building bridges between knowledge systems on behalf of communities. Australian Journal of Rural Health. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12916.
The aim of this research is stated by the authors as, ‘providing knowledge and recommendations for researchers, health professionals and policymakers on navigating between science and mātauranga (knowledge) Māori when using co-design methodologies’.
Fenney D, Hadi F, Wellings D, et al. 2022. Towards a new partnership between disabled people and health and care services. London: The King’s Fund. URL: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/partnership-disabled-people-health-care-services.
Sherif B, Awaisu A, Kheir N. 2022. Refugee healthcare needs and barriers to accessing healthcare services in New Zealand: a qualitative phenomenological approach. BMC Health Services Research. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08560-8.
Adams J, Neville S. 2023. Rainbow health in Aotearoa New Zealand – finally getting the attention it deserves? Journal of Primary Health Care. DOI: 10.1071/HC22152.
Palmer SC, Gray H, Huria T, et al. 2019. Reported Māori consumer experiences of health systems and programs in qualitative research: a systematic review with meta-synthesis. Int J Equity Health 18: 163. URL: https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-019-1057-4.
Systematic review: co-design for children and young people from priority groups
Toko King P, Cormack D, Edwards R, et al. 2022. Co-design for indigenous and other children and young people from priority social groups: a systematic review. SSM – Population Health 18: 101077. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101077.
Wai 2575
Waitangi Tribunal. 2019. Hauora: Report on Stage One of the Health Services and Outcomes Kaupapa Inquiry (Wai 2575). URL: https://waitangitribunal.govt.nz/inquiries/kaupapa-inquiries/health-services-and-outcomes-inquiry.
Co-design and mahitahi: bridging knowledge systems on behalf of communities
Rolleston AK, Korohina E, McDonald M. 2022. Navigating the space between co-design and mahitahi: Building bridges between knowledge systems on behalf of communities. Australian Journal of Rural Health. DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12916.
The aim of this research is stated by the authors as, ‘providing knowledge and recommendations for researchers, health professionals and policymakers on navigating between science and mātauranga (knowledge) Māori when using co-design methodologies’.
Partnership between disabled people and health and care services in the UK
Fenney D, Hadi F, Wellings D, et al. 2022. Towards a new partnership between disabled people and health and care services. London: The King’s Fund. URL: www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/partnership-disabled-people-health-care-services.
Refugee healthcare needs and barriers to accessing healthcare services in New Zealand
Sherif B, Awaisu A, Kheir N. 2022. Refugee healthcare needs and barriers to accessing healthcare services in New Zealand: a qualitative phenomenological approach. BMC Health Services Research. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08560-8.
Rainbow health in New Zealand
Adams J, Neville S. 2023. Rainbow health in Aotearoa New Zealand – finally getting the attention it deserves? Journal of Primary Health Care. DOI: 10.1071/HC22152.
Reported Māori consumer experiences of health systems and programs in qualitative research: a systematic review with meta-synthesis
Palmer SC, Gray H, Huria T, et al. 2019. Reported Māori consumer experiences of health systems and programs in qualitative research: a systematic review with meta-synthesis. Int J Equity Health 18: 163. URL: https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12939-019-1057-4.
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Page last updated: June 2023