New Zealand Orthopaedic Association
The New Zealand Orthopaedic Association (NZOA) is the professional body for orthopaedic surgeons in New Zealand. The NZOA and Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) meet quarterly to discuss shared issues.
In 2020, NZOA and ACC identified several medical interventions as low value care for orthopaedic patients within Aotearoa New Zealand.
ACC and NZOA wrote five statements to reflect the current research, evidence and clinical best practice. The statements were published in 2022.
ACC and NZOA also contacted the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists to ensure they support the statements which include advice regarding referrals for radiology. They provided their support to the radiology-related statements.
Recommendations and resources
1) Knee X-ray
Use the Ottawa Knee Rule to determine the need for diagnostic knee joint imaging. Request weight-bearing knee joint X-rays where possible and when patient can tolerate.
2) Knee ultrasound
Do not use ultrasound for evaluation of menisci and collateral or cruciate ligament injuries. Use ultrasound if you are clinically concerned about the integrity of the patella or quadriceps tendons.
3) Knee arthroscopy
Do not perform arthroscopic debridement of the painful knee in the presence of established osteoarthritis.
4) Subacromial injection in the presence of a full thickness rotator cuff tear
Do not perform a subacromial injection in the presence of a full thickness rotator cuff tear, particularly if a surgical solution is going to be needed within 6 months.
5) Ultrasound for screening for shoulder instability
Do not request ultrasound imaging as a screening test for shoulder instability in people under 30 years of age unless there is clinical suspicion of a rotator cuff tear.
Supporting evidence
Bhatnagar, S., et al. (2006). "Evidence-based practice in the utilization of knee radiographs--a survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association." Int Orthop 30(5): 409-411.
Buckland-Wright, C. (2006). "Which radiographic techniques should we use for research and clinical practice?" Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20(1): 39-55.
Chen, A., et al. (2014). "Should all elective knee radiographs requested by general practitioners be performed weight-bearing?" SpringerPlus 3(1): 707.
Levin, E. S., et al. (2021). "Do non-weight-bearing knee radiographs for chronic knee pain result in increased follow-up imaging?" Skeletal Radiol 50(3): 515-519.
Rosenberg, T. D., et al. (1988). "The forty-five-degree posteroanterior flexion weight-bearing radiograph of the knee." J Bone Joint Surg Am 70(10): 1479-1483.
Skou, N. and N. Egund (2017). "Patellar position in weight-bearing radiographs compared with non-weight-bearing: significance for the detection of osteoarthritis." Acta Radiol 58(3): 331-337.
Vince, A. S., et al. (2000). "What knee X-rays do we need? A survey of orthopaedic surgeons in the United Kingdom." Knee 7(2): 101-104.
Alizadeh, A., et al. (2013). "Knee sonography as a diagnostic test for medial meniscal tears in young patients." European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatologie 23(8): 927-931.
Alves, T. I., et al. (2016). "US of the Knee: Scanning Techniques, Pitfalls, and Pathologic Conditions." Radiographics 36(6): 1759-1775.
Azzoni, R. and P. Cabitza (2002). "Is there a role for sonography in the diagnosis of tears of the knee menisci?" Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 30(8): 472-476.
Carter, K., et al. (2016). "Ultrasound Detection of Patellar Fracture and Evaluation of the Knee Extensor Mechanism in the Emergency Department." The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 17(6): 814-816.
Cook, J. L., et al. (2014). "MRI versus ultrasonography to assess meniscal abnormalities in acute knees." The Journal of Knee Surgery 27(4): 319-324.
Dai, H., et al. (2015). "Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in assessing meniscal injury: meta-analysis of prospective studies." Journal of Orthopaedic Science 20(4): 675-681.
Evans, C. S. and N. S. Harris (2012). "Ultrasound and ski resort clinics: mapping out the potential benefits." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 23(3): 239-247.
Friedman, L., et al. (2001). "Ultrasound of the knee." Skeletal Radiology 30(7): 361-377.
Fuchs, S. and C. Chylarecki (2002). "Sonographic evaluation of ACL rupture signs compared to arthroscopic findings in acutely injured knees." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 28(2): 149-154.
Heyde, C. E., et al. (2005). "Ultrasonography as a reliable diagnostic tool in old quadriceps tendon ruptures: a prospective multicentre study." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 13(7): 564-568.
Hsu, C. C., et al. (2005). "Ultrasonographic examination of the normal and injured posterior cruciate ligament." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 33(6): 277-282.
Husseini, J. S., et al. (2018). "Imaging of Tendons of the Knee: Much More than just the Extensor Mechanism." The Journal of Knee Surgery 31(2): 141-154.
Lee, S. H. and S. J. Yun (2018). "Diagnosis of Simultaneous Acute Ruptures of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department." Journal of Emergency Medicine 54(3): 335-338.
Miller, T. T. (2002). "Sonography of injury of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee." Skeletal Radiology 31(3): 149-154.
Muresan, S., et al. (2017). "The accuracy of musculoskeletal ultrasound examination for the exploration of meniscus injuries in athletes." Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 57(5): 589-594.
Oshima, T., et al. (2016). "Ultrasonography imaging of the anterolateral ligament using real-time virtual sonography." Knee 23(2): 198-202.
Padua, L., et al. (2013). "Ultrasound as a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of traumatic nerve lesions." Clinical Neurophysiology 124(6): 1237-1243.
Puzzitiello, R. N., et al. (2018). "Imaging Diagnosis of Injury to the Anterolateral Ligament in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligaments: Association of Anterolateral Ligament Injury With Other Types of Knee Pathology and Grade of Pivot-Shift Examination: A Systematic Review." Arthroscopy 34(9): 2728-2738.
Razek, A. A. and S. R. El-Basyouni (2016). "Ultrasound of knee osteoarthritis: interobserver agreement and correlation with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis." Clinical Rheumatology 35(4): 997-1001.
Sekiya, J. K., et al. (2010). "Diagnostic ultrasound evaluation of posterolateral corner knee injuries." Arthroscopy 26(4): 494-499.
Shetty, A. A., et al. (2008). "Accuracy of hand-held ultrasound scanning in detecting meniscal tears." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - British Volume 90(8): 1045-1048.
Siev-Ner, I., et al. (2018). "Ultrasonography findings and physical examination outcomes in dancers with and without patellofemoral pain." Physician & Sportsmedicine 46(1): 48-55.
Swamy, G. N., et al. (2012). "Is ultrasound diagnosis reliable in acute extensor tendon injuries of the knee?" Acta Orthop Belg 78(6): 764-770.
Timotijevic, S., et al. (2014). "Correlation of clinical examination, ultrasound sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings with arthroscopic findings in relation to acute and chronic lateral meniscus injuries." Journal of Orthopaedic Science 19(1): 71-76.
Wareluk, P. and K. T. Szopinski (2012). "Value of modern sonography in the assessment of meniscal lesions." European Journal of Radiology 81(9): 2366-2369.
Xia, X. P., et al. (2016). "Ultrasonography for meniscal injuries in knee joint: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 56(10): 1179-1187.
Zhang, G. Y., et al. (2015). "Evaluation of medial patellofemoral ligament tears after acute lateral patellar dislocation: comparison of high-frequency ultrasound and MR." European Radiology 25(1): 274-281.
Barlow, T., C. Downham, et al. (2015). "Arthroscopy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 81(1): 1-8.
Blom, A. W., et al. (2021). "Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence." BMJ 374: n1511.
Carr, A., A. Price, et al. (2015). "Advances in arthroscopy - indications and therapeutic applications." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 11: 77-85.
Englund, M., A. Guermazi, et al. (2008). "Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons." New England Journal of Medicine 359(11): 1108-1115.
Gauffin, H., S. Tagesson, et al. (2014). "Knee arthroscopic surgery is beneficial to middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms: A prospective, randomised, single-blinded study." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22(11): 1808-1816.
Herrlin, S. V., P. O. Wange, et al. (2013). "Is arthroscopic surgery beneficial in treating non-traumatic, degenerative medial meniscal tears? A five-year follow-up." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 21(2): 358-364.
Katz, J., R. Brophy, et al. (2013). "Surgery versus physical therapy for a meniscal tear and osteoarthritis." The New England Journal of Medicine 368: 1675-1684.
Katz, J., S. Brownlee, et al. (2014). "The role of arthroscopy in the management of knee osteoarthritis." Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology 28(1): 143-156.
Khan, M., N. Evaniew, et al. (2014) "Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative tears of the meniscus: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Canadian Medical Association Journal DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.140433
Siemieniuk RAC, Harris IA, Agoritsas T, et al. Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee arthritis and meniscal tears: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2017 10;357:j1982.
Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, et al. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2515-2524
Wai EK, Kreder HJ, Williams JI. Arthroscopic débridement of the knee for osteoarthritis in patients fifty years of age or older: utilization and outcomes in the Province of Ontario. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(1):17-22.
Agarwalla, A., Puzzitiello, R. N., Mascarenhas, R., Sumner, S., Romeo, A. A., & Forsythe, B. (2019). Preoperative Injections May Be an Iatrogenic Cause of Reoperation After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy, 35(2), 325-331.
Arroll, B., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2005). Corticosteroid injections for painful shoulder: a meta-analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 55(512), 224-228.
Bhatia, M., Singh, B., Nicolaou, N., & Ravikumar, K. J. (2009). Correlation between rotator cuff tears and repeated subacromial steroid injections: a case-controlled study. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 91(5), 414-416.
Cook, T., Minns Lowe, C., Maybury, M., & Lewis, J. S. (2018). Are corticosteroid injections more beneficial than anaesthetic injections alone in the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med, 52(8), 497-504.
Gialanella, B., & Bertolinelli, M. (2013). Corticosteroids injection in rotator cuff tears in elderly patient: pain outcome prediction. Geriatrics & gerontology international, 13(4), 993-1001.
Gialanella, B., & Prometti, P. (2011). Effects of corticosteroids injection in rotator cuff tears. Pain Medicine, 12(10), 1559-1565.
Koester, M. C., Dunn, W. R., Kuhn, J. E., & Spindler, K. P. (2007). The efficacy of subacromial corticosteroid injection in the treatment of rotator cuff disease: A systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 15(1), 3-11.
Kunze, K. N., Mirzayan, R., Beletsky, A., Cregar, W., Skallerud, W., Williams, B. T., . . . Chahla, J. (2020). Do Corticosteroid Injections Before or After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Influence the Incidence of Adverse Events? A Subjective Synthesis. Arthroscopy, 36(5), 1476-1484.
Lin, M. T., Chiang, C. F., Wu, C. H., Huang, Y. T., Tu, Y. K., & Wang, T. G. (2019). Comparative Effectiveness of Injection Therapies in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review, Pairwise and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 100(2), 336-349.e315.
Micallef, J., Pandya, J., & Low, A. K. (2019). Management of rotator cuff tears in the elderly population. Maturitas, 123, 9-14.
Saffarini, M. (2019). Editorial Commentary: "Doctor, Are You Sure the Steroid Injection Won't Harm My Shoulder?" Perhaps We Should Stop Injecting Corticosteroids and Just Repair Those Rotator Cuffs. Arthroscopy, 35(1), 51-53.
Traven, S. A., Brinton, D., Simpson, K. N., Adkins, Z., Althoff, A., Palsis, J., & Slone, H. S. (2019). Preoperative Shoulder Injections Are Associated With Increased Risk of Revision Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy, 35(3), 706-713.
Weber, A. E., Trasolini, N. A., Mayer, E. N., Essilfie, A., Vangsness, C. T., Jr., Gamradt, S. C., . . . Kang, H. P. (2019). Injections Prior to Rotator Cuff Repair Are Associated With Increased Rotator Cuff Revision Rates. Arthroscopy, 35(3), 717-724.
Allen, G. M. (2008). Shoulder ultrasound imaging-integrating anatomy, biomechanics and disease processes. European Journal of Radiology, 68, 137-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.02.024
Berbig, R., Weishaupt, D., Prim, J., & Shahin, O. (1999). Primary anterior shoulder dislocation and rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 8(3), 220-225. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(99)90132-5
Oorschot, C., Mohammed, K., Austen, M., O'Loughlin, E., & Spillane, J. (2022). Choosing Wisely: the lack of validity of ultrasound scans in the investigation of shoulder instability. N Z Med J, 135(1549), 92-100.
Pavic, R., Margetic, P., Bensic, M., Brnadic, R. L. (2013). Diagnostic value of US, MR and MR arthrography in shoulder instability. Injury, 44 Suppl 3, S26-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70194-3
Robinson, C. M., Shur, N., Sharpe, T., Ray, A., & Murray, I. R. (2012). Injuries associated with traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 94(1), 18-26. doi:10.2106/jbjs.J.01795
Recommendation one
Bhatnagar, S., et al. (2006). "Evidence-based practice in the utilization of knee radiographs--a survey of all members of the British Orthopaedic Association." Int Orthop 30(5): 409-411.
Buckland-Wright, C. (2006). "Which radiographic techniques should we use for research and clinical practice?" Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 20(1): 39-55.
Chen, A., et al. (2014). "Should all elective knee radiographs requested by general practitioners be performed weight-bearing?" SpringerPlus 3(1): 707.
Levin, E. S., et al. (2021). "Do non-weight-bearing knee radiographs for chronic knee pain result in increased follow-up imaging?" Skeletal Radiol 50(3): 515-519.
Rosenberg, T. D., et al. (1988). "The forty-five-degree posteroanterior flexion weight-bearing radiograph of the knee." J Bone Joint Surg Am 70(10): 1479-1483.
Skou, N. and N. Egund (2017). "Patellar position in weight-bearing radiographs compared with non-weight-bearing: significance for the detection of osteoarthritis." Acta Radiol 58(3): 331-337.
Vince, A. S., et al. (2000). "What knee X-rays do we need? A survey of orthopaedic surgeons in the United Kingdom." Knee 7(2): 101-104.
Recommendation two
Alizadeh, A., et al. (2013). "Knee sonography as a diagnostic test for medial meniscal tears in young patients." European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatologie 23(8): 927-931.
Alves, T. I., et al. (2016). "US of the Knee: Scanning Techniques, Pitfalls, and Pathologic Conditions." Radiographics 36(6): 1759-1775.
Azzoni, R. and P. Cabitza (2002). "Is there a role for sonography in the diagnosis of tears of the knee menisci?" Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 30(8): 472-476.
Carter, K., et al. (2016). "Ultrasound Detection of Patellar Fracture and Evaluation of the Knee Extensor Mechanism in the Emergency Department." The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 17(6): 814-816.
Cook, J. L., et al. (2014). "MRI versus ultrasonography to assess meniscal abnormalities in acute knees." The Journal of Knee Surgery 27(4): 319-324.
Dai, H., et al. (2015). "Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in assessing meniscal injury: meta-analysis of prospective studies." Journal of Orthopaedic Science 20(4): 675-681.
Evans, C. S. and N. S. Harris (2012). "Ultrasound and ski resort clinics: mapping out the potential benefits." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 23(3): 239-247.
Friedman, L., et al. (2001). "Ultrasound of the knee." Skeletal Radiology 30(7): 361-377.
Fuchs, S. and C. Chylarecki (2002). "Sonographic evaluation of ACL rupture signs compared to arthroscopic findings in acutely injured knees." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 28(2): 149-154.
Heyde, C. E., et al. (2005). "Ultrasonography as a reliable diagnostic tool in old quadriceps tendon ruptures: a prospective multicentre study." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 13(7): 564-568.
Hsu, C. C., et al. (2005). "Ultrasonographic examination of the normal and injured posterior cruciate ligament." Journal of Clinical Ultrasound 33(6): 277-282.
Husseini, J. S., et al. (2018). "Imaging of Tendons of the Knee: Much More than just the Extensor Mechanism." The Journal of Knee Surgery 31(2): 141-154.
Lee, S. H. and S. J. Yun (2018). "Diagnosis of Simultaneous Acute Ruptures of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Posterior Cruciate Ligament Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department." Journal of Emergency Medicine 54(3): 335-338.
Miller, T. T. (2002). "Sonography of injury of the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee." Skeletal Radiology 31(3): 149-154.
Muresan, S., et al. (2017). "The accuracy of musculoskeletal ultrasound examination for the exploration of meniscus injuries in athletes." Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 57(5): 589-594.
Oshima, T., et al. (2016). "Ultrasonography imaging of the anterolateral ligament using real-time virtual sonography." Knee 23(2): 198-202.
Padua, L., et al. (2013). "Ultrasound as a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of traumatic nerve lesions." Clinical Neurophysiology 124(6): 1237-1243.
Puzzitiello, R. N., et al. (2018). "Imaging Diagnosis of Injury to the Anterolateral Ligament in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligaments: Association of Anterolateral Ligament Injury With Other Types of Knee Pathology and Grade of Pivot-Shift Examination: A Systematic Review." Arthroscopy 34(9): 2728-2738.
Razek, A. A. and S. R. El-Basyouni (2016). "Ultrasound of knee osteoarthritis: interobserver agreement and correlation with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis." Clinical Rheumatology 35(4): 997-1001.
Sekiya, J. K., et al. (2010). "Diagnostic ultrasound evaluation of posterolateral corner knee injuries." Arthroscopy 26(4): 494-499.
Shetty, A. A., et al. (2008). "Accuracy of hand-held ultrasound scanning in detecting meniscal tears." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery - British Volume 90(8): 1045-1048.
Siev-Ner, I., et al. (2018). "Ultrasonography findings and physical examination outcomes in dancers with and without patellofemoral pain." Physician & Sportsmedicine 46(1): 48-55.
Swamy, G. N., et al. (2012). "Is ultrasound diagnosis reliable in acute extensor tendon injuries of the knee?" Acta Orthop Belg 78(6): 764-770.
Timotijevic, S., et al. (2014). "Correlation of clinical examination, ultrasound sonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings with arthroscopic findings in relation to acute and chronic lateral meniscus injuries." Journal of Orthopaedic Science 19(1): 71-76.
Wareluk, P. and K. T. Szopinski (2012). "Value of modern sonography in the assessment of meniscal lesions." European Journal of Radiology 81(9): 2366-2369.
Xia, X. P., et al. (2016). "Ultrasonography for meniscal injuries in knee joint: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness 56(10): 1179-1187.
Zhang, G. Y., et al. (2015). "Evaluation of medial patellofemoral ligament tears after acute lateral patellar dislocation: comparison of high-frequency ultrasound and MR." European Radiology 25(1): 274-281.
Recommendation three
Barlow, T., C. Downham, et al. (2015). "Arthroscopy in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 81(1): 1-8.
Blom, A. W., et al. (2021). "Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence." BMJ 374: n1511.
Carr, A., A. Price, et al. (2015). "Advances in arthroscopy - indications and therapeutic applications." Nature Reviews Rheumatology 11: 77-85.
Englund, M., A. Guermazi, et al. (2008). "Incidental meniscal findings on knee MRI in middle-aged and elderly persons." New England Journal of Medicine 359(11): 1108-1115.
Gauffin, H., S. Tagesson, et al. (2014). "Knee arthroscopic surgery is beneficial to middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms: A prospective, randomised, single-blinded study." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22(11): 1808-1816.
Herrlin, S. V., P. O. Wange, et al. (2013). "Is arthroscopic surgery beneficial in treating non-traumatic, degenerative medial meniscal tears? A five-year follow-up." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 21(2): 358-364.
Katz, J., R. Brophy, et al. (2013). "Surgery versus physical therapy for a meniscal tear and osteoarthritis." The New England Journal of Medicine 368: 1675-1684.
Katz, J., S. Brownlee, et al. (2014). "The role of arthroscopy in the management of knee osteoarthritis." Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology 28(1): 143-156.
Khan, M., N. Evaniew, et al. (2014) "Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative tears of the meniscus: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Canadian Medical Association Journal DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.140433
Siemieniuk RAC, Harris IA, Agoritsas T, et al. Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee arthritis and meniscal tears: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2017 10;357:j1982.
Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, et al. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus sham surgery for a degenerative meniscal tear. N Engl J Med 2013; 369: 2515-2524
Wai EK, Kreder HJ, Williams JI. Arthroscopic débridement of the knee for osteoarthritis in patients fifty years of age or older: utilization and outcomes in the Province of Ontario. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84-A(1):17-22.
Recommendation four
Agarwalla, A., Puzzitiello, R. N., Mascarenhas, R., Sumner, S., Romeo, A. A., & Forsythe, B. (2019). Preoperative Injections May Be an Iatrogenic Cause of Reoperation After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy, 35(2), 325-331.
Arroll, B., & Goodyear-Smith, F. (2005). Corticosteroid injections for painful shoulder: a meta-analysis. British Journal of General Practice, 55(512), 224-228.
Bhatia, M., Singh, B., Nicolaou, N., & Ravikumar, K. J. (2009). Correlation between rotator cuff tears and repeated subacromial steroid injections: a case-controlled study. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 91(5), 414-416.
Cook, T., Minns Lowe, C., Maybury, M., & Lewis, J. S. (2018). Are corticosteroid injections more beneficial than anaesthetic injections alone in the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A systematic review. Br J Sports Med, 52(8), 497-504.
Gialanella, B., & Bertolinelli, M. (2013). Corticosteroids injection in rotator cuff tears in elderly patient: pain outcome prediction. Geriatrics & gerontology international, 13(4), 993-1001.
Gialanella, B., & Prometti, P. (2011). Effects of corticosteroids injection in rotator cuff tears. Pain Medicine, 12(10), 1559-1565.
Koester, M. C., Dunn, W. R., Kuhn, J. E., & Spindler, K. P. (2007). The efficacy of subacromial corticosteroid injection in the treatment of rotator cuff disease: A systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 15(1), 3-11.
Kunze, K. N., Mirzayan, R., Beletsky, A., Cregar, W., Skallerud, W., Williams, B. T., . . . Chahla, J. (2020). Do Corticosteroid Injections Before or After Primary Rotator Cuff Repair Influence the Incidence of Adverse Events? A Subjective Synthesis. Arthroscopy, 36(5), 1476-1484.
Lin, M. T., Chiang, C. F., Wu, C. H., Huang, Y. T., Tu, Y. K., & Wang, T. G. (2019). Comparative Effectiveness of Injection Therapies in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review, Pairwise and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Archives of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 100(2), 336-349.e315.
Micallef, J., Pandya, J., & Low, A. K. (2019). Management of rotator cuff tears in the elderly population. Maturitas, 123, 9-14.
Saffarini, M. (2019). Editorial Commentary: "Doctor, Are You Sure the Steroid Injection Won't Harm My Shoulder?" Perhaps We Should Stop Injecting Corticosteroids and Just Repair Those Rotator Cuffs. Arthroscopy, 35(1), 51-53.
Traven, S. A., Brinton, D., Simpson, K. N., Adkins, Z., Althoff, A., Palsis, J., & Slone, H. S. (2019). Preoperative Shoulder Injections Are Associated With Increased Risk of Revision Rotator Cuff Repair. Arthroscopy, 35(3), 706-713.
Weber, A. E., Trasolini, N. A., Mayer, E. N., Essilfie, A., Vangsness, C. T., Jr., Gamradt, S. C., . . . Kang, H. P. (2019). Injections Prior to Rotator Cuff Repair Are Associated With Increased Rotator Cuff Revision Rates. Arthroscopy, 35(3), 717-724.
Recommendation five
Allen, G. M. (2008). Shoulder ultrasound imaging-integrating anatomy, biomechanics and disease processes. European Journal of Radiology, 68, 137-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.02.024
Berbig, R., Weishaupt, D., Prim, J., & Shahin, O. (1999). Primary anterior shoulder dislocation and rotator cuff tears. J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 8(3), 220-225. doi:10.1016/s1058-2746(99)90132-5
Oorschot, C., Mohammed, K., Austen, M., O'Loughlin, E., & Spillane, J. (2022). Choosing Wisely: the lack of validity of ultrasound scans in the investigation of shoulder instability. N Z Med J, 135(1549), 92-100.
Pavic, R., Margetic, P., Bensic, M., Brnadic, R. L. (2013). Diagnostic value of US, MR and MR arthrography in shoulder instability. Injury, 44 Suppl 3, S26-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1383(13)70194-3
Robinson, C. M., Shur, N., Sharpe, T., Ray, A., & Murray, I. R. (2012). Injuries associated with traumatic anterior glenohumeral dislocations. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 94(1), 18-26. doi:10.2106/jbjs.J.01795
Published: 19 Jan 2023
Modified: 19 Jan 2023
